The Distinction between Pornography and Obscenity Essay

The Distinction between Pornography and Obscenity - Essay Example MacKinnon, a feminist and an attorney, believes that society in the US applied different legal rights, lesser rights, to women as compared to men. Obscene speech is not protected under the First Amendment according to the U.S. Supreme Court, but there is much debate over the distinction between pornography and obscenity. Perhaps one of the most remembered Supreme Court Justice quotes is that of Potter Stewart, who said, I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description ["hard-core pornography"]; and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it, and the motion picture involved in this case is not that. (Jacobellis) Linda Susan Boreman MacKinnon rose to fame when she represented Linda Susan Boreman, the actress known as Linda Lovelace, in a lawsuit that claimed that Boreman had been forced at gunpoint to perform in pornographic films by her husband. Following her appeara nce in the film Deep Throat, Boreman gave up the adult film industry and became a spokeswoman for the antipornography movement (IMBD). Boreman also testified before the Meese Commission in New York City to the effect that while moviegoers were watching the sex scenes in Deep Throat, they were witnessing her being raped (105-113). MacKinnon’s View Certainly a dichotomy, Catharine McKinnon felt that the First Amendment should protect the First Amendment of the U. S. Constitution, but she also wanted to condemn and outlaw pornography. She actively pursued civil rights remedies for victims of pornography and advocated to treat pornography as hate speech. During a PBS interview with Ben Wattenberg, MacKinnon defined pornography as, a practice of sex inequality, and defined as the sexually explicit subordination of women through pictures and words that also includes a list of other very specific activities. In other words, it's defined in terms of what it actually does. It subordin ates women as well as being a sexually explicit medium. There are other media that subordinate women but are not sexually explicit, and therefore don't have the same effects. (PBS) The harmful effects of those who engage in viewing pornography are widely described as including the following: Harm to existing marriages, including a 25.6% greater likelihood of divorce, 3.18 times greater likelihood of having an extra marital affair, and an 8% chance of being less likely to have a happy marriage (Weiss). Higher Rates of Substance Abuse (Weiss) Higher acceptance of premarital and casual sexual behavior (Weiss) A nearly five times higher number of lifetime sexual partners than non-pornography users (Weiss). In 1985, MacKinnon wrote about the civil rights violations of pornography in the Harvard Civil rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. She asserted that the female stars in pornographic films or photographs had clearly not given consent as evidenced by the scratches, bruises, and other inj uries on their bodies. She further argued that audiences respond to pornography because it is perceived as real and as such, they act out in real life the violent acts

Effects of Stakeholders on Communication Assignment

Effects of Stakeholders on Communication - Assignment Example Owners are concerned with maximizing the business profits, investors are interested in earning income from their investment, and employees want to keep their job and earn higher wages. External stakeholders are individuals or groups that are not within the business, and are not working directly with the business, but are affected in a number of ways from the business decisions. They include the government, trade unions, community, creditors, suppliers, and customers. Identifying the stakeholder affects communication in many ways. The best thing is just learning what a particular stakeholder needs to enhance profit or protect and then structure communication according to these factors. First, the information to be communicated and the mode of communication vary for each group. Additionally, the period or frame for delivering the information to a group of stakeholders or a stakeholder varies as there are those that require to be notified immediately, and it will help reduce overloading stakeholders with information. The level of the stakeholder and their interests influences a lot how you should communicate with them. The interested individuals or groups should be managed closely through status meetings; change logs, and notified about the issues, this is most probably the high power individuals and groups. These that are high powered and have less interest should always be satisfied through board meeting updates and steering committees. Those inte rested and are in low power, need to be informed in-person or through email updates, and video.

Green Computing Essay Example for Free

Green Computing Essay Green computing or green IT, refers to environmentally sustainable computing or IT. It is the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Green IT also strives to achieve economic viability and improved system performance and use, while abiding by our social and ethical responsibilities. Thus, green IT includes the dimensions of environmental sustainability, the economics of energy efficiency, and the total cost of ownership, which includes the cost of disposal and recycling is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. To comprehensively and effectively address the environmental impacts of computing/IT, we must adopt a holistic approach and make the entire IT lifecycle greener by addressing environmental sustainability along the following four complementary paths: †¢Green use reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information systems as well as using them in an environmentally sound manner

The Changes of Canadian Children Since the 1800s Essay examples -- Ca

The Changes of Canadian Children Since the 1800's   The world has experienced many changes in past generations, to the present. One of the very most important changes in life had to be the changes of children. Historians have worked a great deal on children’s lives in the past. â€Å"While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.†- Author Unknown Children were strong and ambitious. They were the money makers of the family. This paper will argue how the mindset of a child has advanced in Canada, through the 1800s to the present era, in representing a different perspective of how a child evaluates the perception of how they approach life. Canada holds many histories of the past. The differences with children from to the past to the present are that children worked and produced a lot of labor, to keep the families from starving through the 1800s, present children rarely need to work. The educational system of the past has differed a great deal from the system they have created thought out the times that have developed. Children would use their imagination to create games and play, until the generation of television came into effect. Times have changed and children are one of the many. The social construction of childhood from the 1800s is a whole lot different from the construction of childhood from the 1970s. The agenda of chil dren have changed and adults are not concerned with children working because the standard of living in families has developed a whole new concept, for how families should live life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The childhood of the past has changed through many eras of time. The labor work of children is not needed in a great deal no more. The 1800s was a time of labor for children. Families would have more children than now, because without a child many families could not survive. Children were needed to bring home money and feed the family. The girls were used to do the chores around the house, while the boys were used to do outside work, like cut wood. Children were influenced to do labor. They would not believe in an education, both rural and urban children. Through the industrialization children started working in family farms or in small workshops. Boys and girls would find work at mines or large factories. Children were seen as the important economic survivals to their families. By the 1890s, Canada ... ...om starving. The educational system of the past had differed a lot from the system they have created for the present. Children would use their imaginations, until the generation of television had came into effect. The children have experienced many changes. And childhood will always be a different story to tell for generations to come. Bibliography MLA Format Prochner, L. & Howe, N. (2000). Early Childhood Care and Education in Canada. Vancouver & Toronto: UBC Press. Sutherland, N. (1997). Growing Up: Childhood in English from the Great War to the Age of Television. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Incorporated. Sutherland, N. (1978). Children in English-Canadian Society. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Incorporated. Parr, J. (1982). Childhood and Family in Canadian History. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Limited. Ashworth, M. (1993). Children of the Canadian Mosaic: A Brief History to 1950. Toronto: The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Parr, J. & Janovicek, N. (2003). Histories of Canadian Children and Youth. Canada: Oxford University Press. Ishwaran, K. (1979). Childhood and Adolescence in Canada. Canada: Mcgraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.

Bacterial Staining

Certain stains can also be used to identify internal structures of the cell, which would otherwise be unseen. Further, in order to use the oil immersion objective of the microscope and thereby obtain the iratest degree of magnification, it is convenient to use stained preparations rather than wet mounts. L Although bacteria do not appear greatly different from their surroundings, they differ chemically. It is this chemical difference that enables us to distinguish bacteria by staining, the stain or dye readily reacting with the bacterial cell but not with the background. Preparation of Smear Before Staining (figure 1) 1. Prepare a clean slide. Put a proper label. 2. Heat your loop to sterilize it. 3. For solid media: 0 Using a sterile inoculating loop, place a 1 or 2 loophole of distilled water on the enter of the slide. 0 Scrape a small amount of the culture off the slant. 0 Smear on the center of the slide, with the distilled water, the scraped material. For liquid media: 0 Make a smear from the broth. You don't have to add water as the bacteria are already suspended in water. Use 2 or 3 loophole of the culture. 0 Spread the culture on the center of the slide. 4. Reheat the loop to clean it. 5. Let the smear dry. – air dry – heat fix- passing the slide through a flame 2 or 3 times Figure 1. Preparation of smear. Classification of Stain Based on Functions 1. Simple Staining Method – In this method one aniline dye is used to stain the organism to be studied. 2. Differential Staining Method – Under this type of classification, the staining method employed divides the microorganism into groups.The Gram's Staining Method and Acid-Fast (Zilch-Nielsen Method) fall under this category. 3. Selective or Special Staining Method – Under this category, parts or portion of the cell are stained differently from the rest of the cell. 4. Indirect Staining Method – Indirect stains are also relief stains because it is the background whi ch takes up the taint, not the organism and the organism are only seem by contrast. 2 Examples of Staining Simple Staining Methods Use only 1 stain. Use to determine cell morphology, size and arrangement.Procedure: a. Make a smear. B. Staining: 1. Place the slide on a staining rack. 2. Flood the smear with several drops of the dye, allow it to remain for the following intervals: – Carbon-fuchsia – 15 to 30 seconds – Methyl Blue – 2 to 5 minutes – Crystal violet – 30 to 45 seconds 3. Carefully wash the excess stain off with distilled water from a wash bottle. Let the water run down the tilted slide. 4. Gently blot the smear with a paper towel or absorbent paper and let it dry. C. View the prepared slide under the microscope. Results and reaction: Reaction / Results Principle Samples of Bacteria All bacteria in smear takes stain Simple stains use basic dyes All types of and appears in color of stain which are positively bacteria. Charged. Thes e positive dyes 0 Shape: interact with the slightly 0 Spherical – coca negatively charged bacterial 0 Rod – bacilli cell wall thus lending the color 0 Arrangement : of the dye to the cell wall. 0 Coca in clusters – staphylococci 0 Coca in chains – thyrotrophic 2. A.Gram's Stains most common technique the gram stain is valid only when performed on young (less than 24 hours old) cultures of bacteria Procedure:l b. Gram staining: Steps Purpose 1. Use a clothespin or slide rack to hold the slide. 3 2. Cover the smear with crystal violet and leave for 30 seconds. 3. Wash the slide carefully with distilled water from a wash bottle. O do not squirt the water directly Primary stain – all bacteria are stained purple. Onto the smear 4. Without drying, cover the smear with Gram's iodine for 30 seconds. 5.Without washing, decolonize with 95% ethyl alcohol. Let the alcohol run through the smear until no large amount of purple wash out. O do not over decolonize 6. Immediately wash with distilled water. 7. Add seafaring for 30 seconds. Mordant – this intensifies the ionic bond between the primary stain and the Primary stain is washed out of some bacteria, while others are unaffected. Secondary stain or countersink – stains the decolonize bacteria red. 8. Wash with distilled water and blot the slide with a paper towel or absorbent paper. Let dry. C. Examine under the microscope. 9.Results: Reactions / Result Gram cell wall are thick and chemically costive (+) simple, composed mainly of 0 purple protein and cross-linked colored minicomputers – alcohol causes dehydration and shrinkage of the gram+ cell wall – reducing the loss of substances such as crystal violet Aggregative (-) 0 pink wall is a thin, complex, multilayered structure containing protein, minicomputers and lipids – when treated with alcohol, the lipid dissolves and the primary stain is wash out Samples of Bacteria Gram positive coca in clusters (figure AAA): Staphylococci species Gram positive bacilli (figure ad): Colostomies species Crematoriums Bacillus anthracicGram negative coca in chains: – Streptococci Gram negative coca (figure 4 – Engineers species Gram negative bacilli (figure c): – Escherichia coli – Kielbasa pneumonia b d Figure 2. Different observations in Gram's Staining. (a)gram+ coca in clusters (b)gram + coca in chains (c)gram- bacilli (d)gram+ bacilli (e)gram- coca. (f)gram stain mixed 5 B. Acid – Fast Stain (Zilch – Nielsen Stain)l ,5 0 to stain Mycobacterium species especially M. Tuberculosis – Contain large amount of fatty waxes (mycology acid) within their cell wall resists staining by ordinary methods 0 Procedure: 1. Flood smear with Carbon Fuchsia Carbon Fuchsia is a lipid soluble, stain. Heinlein compound, which is able to penetrate the cell wall. 2. Cover flooded smear with filter paper 3. Steam for 10 minutes. Add more Carbon Fuchsia stain as needed . 4. Cool slide. 5. Rinse with distilled water. 6. Flood slide with acid alcohol (leave 15 The waxy cell wall then prevents the seconds). The acid alcohol contains stain from being removed by the acid 3% HCI and 95% ethanol or H2O alcohol (decolonize) once it has SIS. Penetrated the cell wall. The acid alcohol decolonize will remove the stain from all other cells. . Tilt slide 45 degrees over the sink and add acid alcohol drop wise (drop by drop) until the red color stops streaming from the smear. 8. Rinse with distilled water

Literature Review On Civil War And Genocide - 2049 Words

2. Literature Review In the completion of this research project research a wide variety of literatures will be reviewed. Broadly, the focus will be on violence including civil wars and genocide, and the international community’s response to violence, focusing both on the theory that unpins response and then more specifically on UN missions and their effectiveness. The literature on violence does not form a cohesive body, rather, for each form of violence there is a distinct literature, and often these literatures do not cross pollinate. For the interest of this literature review a brief review of the literatures available on civil war and genocide will be considered, followed by a brief review of the literature on the response to conflict by the UN. Civil War One thing that the literature on civil war agrees upon, is that there is much disagreement on what civil war is. Amalendu Misra (2008) begins his book Politics of Civil Wars by demonstrating the amount of discord within the academic community on the topic; he provides numerous similar yet different definitions or civil wars over the years and outlines numerous criteria that differ civil wars from other types of violence that may occur within a country, such as coup d’à ©tat’s or revenge killings. Misra notes that due to the varied perspectives â€Å"there exists a mà ©lange of interpretations on the nature and character of civil war there is no commonly agreed position. Given this complexity it is hard to suggest oneShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Of Syria During The Arab Spring Protests1147 Words   |  5 PagesConflict in Syria There are war crimes being committed in Syria. The conflict started during 2011 Arab Spring protests. The country has been crippled by a brutal civil war ever since. The violence has reached terrifying proportions. 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Bullying Awareness - 9221 Words

Bullying Awareness Bullying has become a great concern to many people, and parents especially because of kids and teenagers who have emotionally and physically suffered from being bullied by their classmates. Students have been pushed, hit, and verbally bullied by others and adults don’t think this type of actions are so serious and prefer to ignore it. In the past years there has been cases of suicide and murder of students who have been bullied and it has caught many schools attention. Is not that bullying has become more common now a days. The difference is that the media is making this problem more public than it used to and it is making people more cautious about this problem. Now there are schools that want to take action into†¦show more content†¦But was he really a victim of bullying, or a hate crime? But is not only society the one to blame, parents too. â€Å"I think it is the parents fault because they don’t stop it from happening† (Luevanos Lydia). Where is the respect for others that we grew up learning? While parents cant be responsible for their kids actions if they arent made aware of them, they are responsible for their kids attitudes and morality. They have to let kids know at a very young age what is and is not acceptable, and they have to live by this and set an example. When a kid is born, they are not programmed to be bad, their attitude comes from somewhere. Personality is based on the way they were raised and sometimes when kids see other people acting in a rude manner, all they do is follow their steps, but that’s why their parents are there for them to teach them right. Their attitude can even come from something that they saw on television, which brings us back again to society and how it influences in this problem, but then again, parents a re the ones to decide how to correct that if they really care about their kid’s well-being. 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